TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schuldt, Thilo
A1  - Gohlke, Martin
A1  - Oswald, Markus
A1  - Wüst, Jan
A1  - Blomberg, Tim
A1  - Döringshoff, Klaus
A1  - Bawamia, Ahmad
A1  - Wicht, Andreas
A1  - Lezius, Matthias
A1  - Voss, Kai
A1  - Krutzik, Markus
A1  - Herrmann, Sven
A1  - Kovalchuk, Evgeny
A1  - Peters, Achim
A1  - Braxmaier, Claus
T1  - Optical clock technologies for global navigation satellite systems
Y1  - 2021-04-05
VL  - 25
IS  - 3
JF  - GPS Solutions
DO  - 10.1007/s10291-021-01113-2
PB  - Springer Berlin Heidelberg
N2  - Future generations of global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs) can benefit from optical technologies. Especially optical clocks could back-up or replace the currently used microwave clocks, having the potential to improve GNSS position determination enabled by their lower frequency instabilities. Furthermore, optical clock technologies—in combination with optical inter-satellite links—enable new GNSS architectures, e.g., by synchronization of distant optical frequency references within the constellation using time and frequency transfer techniques. Optical frequency references based on Doppler-free spectroscopy of molecular iodine are seen as a promising candidate for a future GNSS optical clock. Compact and ruggedized setups have been developed, showing frequency instabilities at the 10–15 level for averaging times between 1 s and 10,000 s. We introduce optical clock technologies for applications in future GNSS and present the current status of our developments of iodine-based optical frequency references.
UR  - http://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gldocs-11858/11468
ER  -