Detection, Analysis, and Removal of Glitches From InSight's Seismic Data From Mars
Widmer‐Schnidrig, Rudolf
Davis, Paul
Lognonné, Philippe
Pinot, Baptiste
Garcia, Raphaël F.
Hurst, Kenneth
Pou, Laurent
Nimmo, Francis
Barkaoui, Salma
de Raucourt, Sébastien
Knapmeyer‐Endrun, Brigitte
Knapmeyer, Martin
Orhand‐Mainsant, Guénolé
Compaire, Nicolas
Cuvier, Arthur
Beucler, Éric
Bonnin, Mickaël
Joshi, Rakshit
Sainton, Grégory
Stutzmann, Eléonore
Schimmel, Martin
Horleston, Anna
Böse, Maren
Ceylan, Savas
Clinton, John
van Driel, Martin
Kawamura, Taichi
Khan, Amir
Stähler, Simon C.
Giardini, Domenico
Charalambous, Constantinos
Stott, Alexander E.
Pike, William T.
Christensen, Ulrich R.
Banerdt, W. Bruce
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/2020EA001317
Persistent URL: http://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gldocs-11858/8484
Davis, Paul; 3 Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles CA USA
Lognonné, Philippe; 4 Université de Paris, Institut de physique du globe de Paris, CNRS Paris France
Pinot, Baptiste; 5 Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace SUPAERO Toulouse France
Garcia, Raphaël F.; 5 Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace SUPAERO Toulouse France
Hurst, Kenneth; 6 Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena USA
Pou, Laurent; 7 Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of California Santa Cruz Santa Cruz CA USA
Nimmo, Francis; 7 Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of California Santa Cruz Santa Cruz CA USA
Barkaoui, Salma; 4 Université de Paris, Institut de physique du globe de Paris, CNRS Paris France
de Raucourt, Sébastien; 4 Université de Paris, Institut de physique du globe de Paris, CNRS Paris France
Knapmeyer‐Endrun, Brigitte; 8 Bensberg Observatory University of Cologne Bergisch Gladbach Germany
Knapmeyer, Martin; 9 DLR Institute of Planetary Research Berlin Germany
Orhand‐Mainsant, Guénolé; 5 Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace SUPAERO Toulouse France
Compaire, Nicolas; 5 Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace SUPAERO Toulouse France
Cuvier, Arthur; 10 Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers Nantes France
Beucler, Éric; 10 Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers Nantes France
Bonnin, Mickaël; 10 Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers Nantes France
Joshi, Rakshit; 1 Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research Göttingen Germany
Sainton, Grégory; 4 Université de Paris, Institut de physique du globe de Paris, CNRS Paris France
Stutzmann, Eléonore; 4 Université de Paris, Institut de physique du globe de Paris, CNRS Paris France
Schimmel, Martin; 11 Institute of Earth Sciences Jaume Almera ‐ CSIC Barcelona Spain
Horleston, Anna; 12 School of Earth Sciences University of Bristol Bristol UK
Böse, Maren; 13 Swiss Seismological Service (SED) ETH Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
Ceylan, Savas; 14 Institute of Geophysics ETH Zürich Zurich Switzerland
Clinton, John; 13 Swiss Seismological Service (SED) ETH Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
van Driel, Martin; 14 Institute of Geophysics ETH Zürich Zurich Switzerland
Kawamura, Taichi; 4 Université de Paris, Institut de physique du globe de Paris, CNRS Paris France
Khan, Amir; 14 Institute of Geophysics ETH Zürich Zurich Switzerland
Stähler, Simon C.; 14 Institute of Geophysics ETH Zürich Zurich Switzerland
Giardini, Domenico; 14 Institute of Geophysics ETH Zürich Zurich Switzerland
Charalambous, Constantinos; 16 Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Imperial College London London UK
Stott, Alexander E.; 16 Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Imperial College London London UK
Pike, William T.; 16 Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Imperial College London London UK
Christensen, Ulrich R.; 1 Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research Göttingen Germany
Banerdt, W. Bruce; 6 Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena USA
Abstract
The instrument package SEIS (Seismic Experiment for Internal Structure) with the three very broadband and three short‐period seismic sensors is installed on the surface on Mars as part of NASA's InSight Discovery mission. When compared to terrestrial installations, SEIS is deployed in a very harsh wind and temperature environment that leads to inevitable degradation of the quality of the recorded data. One ubiquitous artifact in the raw data is an abundance of transient one‐sided pulses often accompanied by high‐frequency spikes. These pulses, which we term “glitches”, can be modeled as the response of the instrument to a step in acceleration, while the spikes can be modeled as the response to a simultaneous step in displacement. We attribute the glitches primarily to SEIS‐internal stress relaxations caused by the large temperature variations to which the instrument is exposed during a Martian day. Only a small fraction of glitches correspond to a motion of the SEIS package as a whole caused by minuscule tilts of either the instrument or the ground. In this study, we focus on the analysis of the glitch+spike phenomenon and present how these signals can be automatically detected and removed from SEIS's raw data. As glitches affect many standard seismological analysis methods such as receiver functions, spectral decomposition and source inversions, we anticipate that studies of the Martian seismicity as well as studies of Mars' internal structure should benefit from deglitched seismic data.
Plain Language Summary: The instrument package SEIS (Seismic Experiment for Internal Structure) with two fully equipped seismometers is installed on the surface of Mars as part of NASA's InSight Discovery mission. When compared to terrestrial installations, SEIS is more exposed to wind and daily temperature changes that leads to inevitable degradation of the quality of the recorded data. One consequence is the occurrence of a specific type of transient noise that we term “glitch”. Glitches show up in the recorded data as one‐sided pulses and have strong implications for the typical seismic data analysis. Glitches can be understood as step‐like changes in the acceleration sensed by the seismometers. We attribute them primarily to SEIS‐internal stress relaxations caused by the large temperature variations to which the instrument is exposed during a Martian day. Only a small fraction of glitches correspond to a motion of the whole SEIS instrument. In this study, we focus on the detection and removal of glitches and anticipate that studies of the Martian seismicity as well as studies of Mars's internal structure should benefit from deglitched seismic data.
Key Points:
Glitches due to steps in acceleration significantly complicate seismic records on Mars. Glitches are mostly due to relaxations of thermal stresses and instrument tilt. We provide a toolbox to automatically detect and remove glitches.