New seismic data on the crust and upper mantle of South America have recently become available and describe its deep structure with unprecedented resolution. Here, seismic data are combined with gravity data and mineral ...

Baryonic matter in geospace is almost exclusively in a plasma state, with protons (H +) and to some extent ionized helium (He) and oxygen (O) being the dominant ion species. But also other heavier ion species and even ...